General Science Topics
Undergraduate level — General Science
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quiz Questions
Q251
An ideal heat engine absorbs 4000 Joules of thermal energy from a reservoir at 800 K and rejects heat to a sink at 400 K. What is the amount of work done by this engine?
1000 Joules
2000 Joules
3000 Joules
4000 Joules
Explanation
The efficiency of a Carnot engine is η = 1 - (Tl / Th) = 1 - (400 / 800) = 0.5 (or 50%). Work done is Efficiency × Heat absorbed = 0.5 × 4000 J = 2000 Joules.
Q252
Which chemical principle states that orbital configuration subshells are filled progressively in order of increasing energy levels, starting from the lowest energy state?
Hund's Rule
Aufbau Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Avogadro's Hypothesis
Explanation
The Aufbau Principle (from German meaning 'building up') states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill subshells of lowest available energy levels before moving to higher levels following the (n+l) rule.
Q253
Which plant tissue layout consists of living cells with irregular thickened cellulose corners, providing mechanical structural support to growing green stems?
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Xylem Tracheids
Explanation
Collenchyma is a mechanical tissue found in young dicot stems and petioles composed of living cells with localized cell wall thickening made of pectin and cellulose at the corners.
Q254
What is the name of India's first indigenous anti-radiation missile developed by DRDO for destroying enemy radar installations?
Agni-V
Rudram-1
Astra
Prithvi-II
Explanation
Rudram-1 is India's first indigenous New Generation Anti-Radiation Missile (NGARM) developed by DRDO to suppress enemy air defenses by targeting tracking radar systems.
Q255
The high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants accumulating across trophic levels in an aquatic habitat is known by which ecological term?
Eutrophication
Biomagnification
Denitrification
Carbon Sequestration
Explanation
Biomagnification is the process where persistent, non-biodegradable chemicals (like DDT or mercury) become progressively more concentrated in the tissues of organisms at higher positions in a food chain.
Q256
An objective block has a weight of 60 Newtons on the surface of the Earth. What will be its weight when measured on the surface of the Moon?
60 Newtons
10 Newtons
360 Newtons
0 Newtons
Explanation
The acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is approximately 1/6th of that on the Earth. Weight = mass × gravity, so Moon weight = 60 N × (1/6) = 10 Newtons.
Q257
Which chemical law states that at a constant volume, the pressure of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature?
Boyle's Law
Gay-Lussac's Law
Charles's Law
Henry's Law
Explanation
Gay-Lussac's Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (P ∝ T, or P/T = constant).
Q258
Which structural section of the human kidney contains the loop of Henle and collecting ducts, organized inside renal pyramid configurations?
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Bowman's Capsule
Glomerulus Network
Explanation
The human kidney is divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The Renal Medulla contains the loops of Henle and collecting tubules grouped into conical masses called renal pyramids.