General Science Topics

Minamata disease is a neurological syndrome caused by severe methylmercury poisoning, which bioaccumulated in shellfish and fish in Minamata Bay, Japan.

CRISPR-Cas9 acts as a molecular pair of scissors that allows researchers to precisely cut specific sequences of DNA within a genome, facilitating gene editing.

Because pH is calculated on a logarithmic scale base-10 (pH = -log[H+]), every single unit decrease in pH represents a tenfold increase in H+ concentration. A drop of 2 units means 10^2 = 100 times increase.

Phloem is the living vascular tissue in plants responsible for the bi-directional translocation of soluble organic compounds, such as sucrose, from photosynthetic source leaves to sink tissues.

According to Archimedes' principle, an object floats if its density is less than that of the fluid. Iron has a higher density than water but a lower density than mercury, causing it to sink in water and float on mercury.

Wrought iron is the purest commercial form of iron, containing less than 0.1% to 0.25% carbon, making it highly malleable and ductile compared to cast iron or pig iron.

Chlorophyll-a is the primary photosynthetic pigment found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, driving the electron transport chain.

Nuclear Fusion is the process where lighter hydrogen nuclei smash together under extreme heat and pressure to form heavier helium nuclei, releasing massive amounts of energy.

The Montreal Protocol (1987) is a global agreement designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs.

OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technology utilizes thin organic films that illuminate individually, providing true black levels, higher contrast ratios, and wider viewing angles than traditional LCDs.